• well, it can be a good alternate for energy requirment against natural gas, but the avaiibility of the gas reservs are still to be descovered, it will take some time and study as well as how long it would be available after descovery it is also a point to be considered. but yes it is one of the source of energy whic can be used as next fuel for india and china. Answered by imranali khatri , plant operator at Petronet LNG Ltd | 29, Aug 2010 01:33 PM

• Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale. It is one of the number of “unconventional” sources of natural gas; other unconventional sources of being coal bed methane, tight sandstones, and methane hydrates.
  Shale gas areas are often known as resource plays (as opposed to exploration plays). The geological risk of not finding gas is low in case of resource plays, but the potential profits per successful well are usually also lower.
  Shale gas are rich in organic material (0.5% to 25%) and are usually mature petroleum source rocks in the thermogenic gas window, where high heat and pressure have converted petroleum to natural gas. But Methane is the major component of natural gas, and it is a powerful greenhouse gas: 25-times ...See More more powerful than is CO2 per molecule in the atmosphere. Chemicals are added to the water to facilitate the underground fracturing process that releases this natural gas. The resulting volume of contaminated water is generally kept in above-ground ponds to await removal by tanker or injected back into the earth, causing contamination of underground water. Shale gas tends to cost more to produce than gas from conventional wells, because of the expense of massive hydraulic fracturing treatments required to produce shale gas, and of horizontal drilling. However, this is often offset by the low risk of shale gas wells.
  Hence, a full SWOT is to be done before considering it as fuel for future. Answered by Er. Sandip De , Planning Manager (Sr. Consultant) at Mott MacDonald | 29, Aug 2010 07:14 AM

Comments (1)

• Dear Mr.Sandip
  
  Nice one this is what I am also saying, we are already suppering for good water, why should we take risk, as you said, let we do the SWOT and find out is it really worth it go for shale gas, thats what I said, you know presently all the oil, gas, petrochemicals plants are spending lot of money to reduce CO2. Lets wait till 2011 and see ONGC is planning know may be based on that also we can take decision to go head or not.. Commented by Purushothaman Bhaskaran, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER at HADI H. AL-HAMMAM | 529 days ago

• Certainly, as the India & China are the growing economy at this time, for sure new sources for petrolium are to be considered, hopeully this may help for future needs. Answered by MOHAMMED ALI , Professional Advisor at Saudi Aramco | 28, Aug 2010 09:24 AM

• Certainly, because india and china are in hunt for their fuels.since they are in a position almost not able to cater their energy need now and upcoming years. Already china has set up ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS in both COAL and GAS based power plants.Nowadays india is being setting up some UMPPs ( Coal based ) . Also few in GAS based. So definitely it is a good sign. Answered by pasumalai balaboomi , Engineer at Dubai Electricity and Water Authority | 28, Aug 2010 01:19 AM

• yes it is.. shale gas is a very high potential fuel option. This is lessen our burden and dependability on petrol and diesel Answered by Ravindra Singh Khetwal , Assitance Manager-Quality Management at Ganjawala Fabripro Pvt. Ltd. | 27, Aug 2010 12:54 PM

• always lead country whom have potential to grow energy - India have both energy resources and synergy of manpower Answered by Janardan Chaturvedi , Executive Engineer at Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited | 26, Aug 2010 09:22 PM

• I have not read all the comments made but assuming that India (just like any other energy importer) must be keen on resolving the energy dilema I would dare to think they go down this path.
  Lets be honest, gas is cleaner than the diesel generated electricty they have right now. Besides, diesel is imported at high prices. If you compare the mmBtu cost of burning diesel (or Naphta) to shale gas development cost, I would go into shale.
  Last point, drilling for shale in India creates more indian jobs than importing products (or even LNG for that matter). I would be sensitive to that.
  I give it a big fat thumbs up. The same rational holds true for China. Answered by Rudolf Huber , Head of BD at EconGas | 26, Aug 2010 03:07 PM

Comments (2)

• I did not say rush for it! I said what I believe will happen.
  
  Lets be frank, everyone wants clean energy, green energy, non nuclear energy, energy that does not give us cancer or other nasties. But in the end nobody wants to foot the bill.
  
  I have no idea what the shale potential of India or China is. Word is that its enormous. Both countries are importers, both countries spend a lot of cash for it, both countries have a lot of mouths to feed and cheap labor, both countries are strong industrial runners up with a thirst for independent solutions and know how.
  
  Its a no brainer.. Commented by Rudolf Huber, Head of BD at EconGas | 528 days ago
• Dear sir,
  I thank you very much for your comments, we don't have any data what is the reserves is there, how much the technology cost etc., with out knowing all the details, you want us to jump in to the well, let we collect all the data's and do. even again global warming issues also you should think, based on all this issues, we can take right decision, not bliently spend billions, if we get it into this europe and US will eat our money and go, thats y I said better invest in clean energy, thats will save our cost and people its my hold for my country.. Commented by Purushothaman Bhaskaran, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER at HADI H. AL-HAMMAM | 531 days ago

• I don't think so and it is very early to say, because we don't have any details, what is reserve and resource available shale gas.
  
  2. Again it is drilling it affects our environment.
  
  3. Cost of production
  
  4.Technology availability, lets wait and see till ONGC start there projects in 2011.
  
  5, All over the world is crying for the good environment and clean energy
  
  6. My personal suggestion, why should we spend lot of money and spoil our environment.
  
  7, Why don't we start investing in clean energy and make our India as an example to the world.
  
  8. Knowing the impact why should we waste our money in to that. Answered by Purushothaman Bhaskaran , BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER at HADI H. AL-HAMMAM | 26, Aug 2010 02:44 PM

• yes, we should explore this possiblity alternate to petroleum fuels.if new technology comes to our country via USA then we should go for it to create more job opportunity for our huge population & ultimately the common man will have something spend for the growth of our economy.
  why our political will is missing in this area?
  I think indutrialists needs to think this proposal seriously & govt. should declare the tax benifit to devlope this technolgy. Answered by bhatia dilip dayal dayal bhatia , sr. production manager at emirates lub oil co. | 26, Aug 2010 10:52 AM

• Shale gas is now a huge source of energy for various countries of Europe , India is rich in shale deposit , oil shale may become be an alternative source of energy , presently I am working on a project on oil shale , there is large deposit of shale in and around assam and arunachal pradesh , which may be source of oil shale /shale gas . Answered by Bijoy Krishna , Mud logging geologist at Jindal Drilling & Industries Ltd | 26, Aug 2010 09:10 AM

• We have to see the cost benefits of exploring shale gas energy. At present india needs more energy and she depends on coal as it is the cheapest fuel and the technologies are comparatively cheaper. We should not trap into the gamut of expensive technologies and we need to have a clear idea of potential exploration and how it could impact the society as a whole interms of availability and affordability. I would like to quote Gandhiji; think of the poorest while implementing any action how he/she would be benefitted with your actions. I am afraid to say that US may be interested to sell its technology to India for the benefit of US. Answered by Saravana Bavan Balakrishnan , Sr Engineer at choosen not to disclose | 25, Aug 2010 11:10 PM

• May be. It will depend upon the simple aspect of economic viability. Every business activity follows this dictum. Answered by Mohd Usman Khan , Chief Geophysicist (Wells) at Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) | 25, Aug 2010 10:14 PM

• I am not an energy expert. My opinion is that the ideal fuel of the future for India should be secure, safe, sustainable, scaleable, manageable, useable and green. We have so much going by way of wind, solar, hydro, organic wastes, waves and geothermal, so why should we tap a limited resource? Should'nt it be conserved for future generations? Answered by Arun Sarin , Senior Support Analyst at Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations | 25, Aug 2010 08:08 PM

Comments (1)

• Economics answers most questions on energy - today
  Energy sources you mentioned are more expensive to tap with the available technologies while shale gas can be tapped with exisitng and viable drilling technology called fracking. Crude exploration often leads to dry/unsustainable wells which is a much limited resultant in case of shale gas.
  
  Any source of energy responds to the simple concept of Net Present Value of the Cash flow it generates for the company. This is the primary concern of most. . Commented by Akhilesh Mohan, Subcontracts Manager at Technip | 533 days ago

• yes Answered by S M Bhatt , Engineeing Head Project and Maintenance at Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited | 25, Aug 2010 06:36 PM

• We must find out the possibility. If it pays then why not? Answered by sugata majumdar , GM - quality at Jindal steel Limited | 25, Aug 2010 06:17 PM

• 
  It is difficult for anyone to answer that . Yet the cost and nomenclature of investment that goes into an new technology and resetting of the parameters of the ROI will set the basic rules of our assessment.
  
  According to me the apparent gap in the unit price to tap Shale gas and crude oil are exaggeratedly homogenized world over.
  ...See More
  We all know the costs immensely differ from region to region/ country etc and ofcourse the sustainability of that field/source. yet we all generalize exploration and production costs.
  
  Much of the future unit costs of engergy in each country shall depend largely on its investment climate and the potential of that country to generate and diverts its own currency investment in such new technology ventures. FDI will moderate ROI on economies unable to generate their own generic GDP growth.
  As I foresee , India is doing pretty well on the GDP front and all figures point towards huge diversions of local wealth in energy sector ventures. On the technology and innovation front we are slowly but surely gaining momentum.
  
  Strong Appreciation of Indian rupee which I beleive is imminent in the next three year window and continuous lowering of international borrowing rates will combine to retain and drive significant local wealth into Alternate Energy and such Shale Gas discovery /recovery projects .
  
  The costs of such ventures shall then be reviewed with more rational ROI paramaters and again I percieve , these shall be higher than we expect them to be, today.
  
  The of the effect of this currency apreciation will be surely on our Indian engery bill that will be much lower than we can forecast today.
  
  Hence the gap between shale gas energy costs and crude will be narrower and it is difficult to put one finger to the downstream energy units costs comming out of the two the means of energy.
  
  Shale gas energy may be the future but it will perhaps succeed in lowering the OPEC inflated and driven crude oil prices.
  
  Each new oil discovery shall takes away our commitment and focus from alternate energy and the implications of global warming which some how have now centered our imagination.
  
  Shale gas energy discoveries may help the world move beyond this syndrome. Answered by Akhilesh Mohan , Subcontracts Manager at Technip | 25, Aug 2010 05:40 PM

• Well,if, shale gas could achieve something in USA,why not in India?,we have considerably rich resources and with a good technology leap we can definitely monitize the resources and this I believe may dawn a new era of energy Independence in India,if pursued in the right and focused direction Answered by Bachu Pattabhi Ram Prasad , Chief Geologist at Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) | 25, Aug 2010 05:23 PM

• Yes , it is future of India . and this shall be exploited systematically without any strings attached & and access to everybody.
  
  This will have balancing impact on crude price which is being eaten away all the development being taken place, Answered by UNNIKRISHNAN MULLAPPILLI , Manager(Finance) at Indian Oil Corporation Ltd | 25, Aug 2010 05:21 PM

• yes this will may improve the situation of consumption/ supply n procurement of this essential commodity Answered by Adarsh Kumar Jain TURNKEY PROJECT N CRISIS MANAGEMEN , GM Projects (Coordinations) at M/S Mariner Buildcon (I) Limited | 25, Aug 2010 04:48 PM

• It looks like that. While the US is heavily into exploiting shale gas deposits, India is perhaps preparing to announce the known deposits. cost of exploitation is much cheaper in case of shale gas and India and China have large deposits and that should indicate that shale gas is the fuel of the future. Please refer to the article by sas aiyer in today's ET. Answered by George Varuggheese , President at Godimages Good Governance Society | 25, Aug 2010 04:44 PM

• As it stands today we have no options but to explore all the avenues.
  
  We are energy deficit nation.
  
  We have to exploit all our resources to survive and a better society for the next generation. Answered by Ramesh Kumar , Resident Project Manager at Kuljian Corporation U.S.A. | 25, Aug 2010 04:29 PM

• 
  Shale gas is good source of energy to replace fossil fuel.
  Shale reserves are present in India at Assam, Gujarat basin & Gondwana basin.
  Till now it was not taken seriously only bcaz of the economics involved in it. Its a high cost effective affair, tariff of shale power will be high.
  ...See MoreBut at present due to heavy rise in oil cost & oil which has to be imported from outside, it seems a better option for the following reason.
  The present cost of power production from oil will be equivalent to cost of power production from shale.
  It will be considered as a renewable entity, so govt will lay down regulations for compulsory purchase at higher cost.
  It will be incentivized with renewable incentives.
  We have Shale resources in our country.
  We can get CDM benefits as well.
  To end with i must say, its just another option for producing power.
  Its a boom that we got an option, as resources are limited wen as resources get exhausted people will utilise any form oof fuel to poduce power at any cost...n it will be economically viable :) !!! Answered by Surya Sekhar Panda , Senior Executive at Indian Energy Exchange Limited | 25, Aug 2010 04:28 PM

• We have to revisit the earlier days and harness the bullock carts and horse drawn carriages and cycle rickshaws,instead of three and 4 wheel cargo haulers. Albeit they are slow but for goods movement whats a day here or there.(Perishables are exceptions)Especially on the short haul distances. No breakdowns/ unwieldy traffic snarls and reduced fuel consumption and pollution.
  In fact it would be sound preparation for the day the fossil fuels run out. Answered by Anand Kharidehal , Plant Manager at Assam Company Limited | 25, Aug 2010 04:09 PM

• I am glad to see such multi-dimensional answers. Can we elaborate our points a bit more so that the discussion could develop into more productive for everyone? Answered by Niraj Singh , Senior Analyst at Suzlon Energy Limited | 25, Aug 2010 04:06 PM

• Niraj, Shale gas is one of the possible alternatives for localised energy needs, but so is offshore wind farms which could be explored by your company. However noneof them have the flexibility and scalability to be tagged as "fuel of the future". Answered by Sandip Sen , Director at JMS Technologies Pvt Ltd | 25, Aug 2010 04:00 PM

Comments (1)

• well Sandip, the wind farms are being explored by Suzlon as the alternative source of energy for future. But we see great potential in Shale gas, particularly for India and China. I wonder what makes you deny the fact that it is the "fuel of the future".. Commented by Niraj Singh, Senior Analyst at Suzlon Energy Limited | 533 days ago

• No it is not. And the potential for shale in the US is hyped too,
  
  http://trivcap.wordpress.com Answered by Bali Rand , CEO at Trivamdrum Capital | 25, Aug 2010 03:50 PM

• Considering the present day energy shortage(s),both base-load & Peak-load level(s) in various parts of our country,instead of adding more of coal/lignite fueled power plants,certainlyshale-gas as alternate to NG should be kept,as an option.
  
  From a long-term perspective also,considering India's commitment for 'Green House Gas' reduction,if the over-all economics can bring 'shale-gas',at par with 'natural-gas',then there is no reason for our Policy Planners to ignore' this fuel "in the interest of our economy's growth. Answered by Ashok Pandeya , Manager at Belliss India Limited | 25, Aug 2010 03:48 PM

• Can't see it as a fuel but it certainly can be the energy for the future. Answered by Narasimha Murthy Vadlamani , Additional Vice President at Reliance Energy Ltd | 25, Aug 2010 03:43 PM

Comments (1)

• no any coventional fuel like petrolium. netural gas etc.can full fill our requirment upto forever,bcoz they aer in limited.so if be think better utilization of non conventional energy. it is good for our bright future. . Commented by sunil shah, asstt.engg. at Jaiprakash Associates Ltd | 514 days ago

• If this is environmentally, financially and technically a viable alternative to the the present fuels, why no ? I think we shall explore the possibility. Answered by Raghavendra Boddula , Head - Business Development at R V Associates | 25, Aug 2010 03:42 PM

Comments (16)

• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be used to recycle the CO2 vented to atmosphere increasing carbon load. solar concentrators are available for producing HT power for electrolysis . High CO2 venters such as power plants, fertiliser plants, petrochemicals, refineries can instal such electrolysis units.solar power is renewable. CO2 can be renewed to produce syn gas which can be used to generate fuels such as methanol, Dimethyl ether etc, which can considerably save the environment and produce alternate fuels.
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago

• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago
• In general, fuel is linked to petroleum derivatives only. 50 years back we
  used synthesis gas as feedstock for producing Hydrogen for ammonia. prior to this coal gasification by partial oxidation, Hydrogen was produced. Synthesis gas ( syn gas) is a mixture of CO + Hydrogen.. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water using solar power. This hydrogen can be+-
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  . Commented by Adikarapatti Krishnamachari Govindarajan, CEO at Petchem ( E ) Consultants | 532 days ago

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